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Oracle中如何导出存储过程、函数、包和触发器的定义语句？如何导出表的结构？如何导出索引的创建语句？
QQ群里有人问：如何导出一个用户下的存储过程？
麦苗答：方法有多种，可以使用DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL包。
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使用如下的脚本即可导出某个用户下的存储过程代码到/tmp/a.sql文件中：SET PAGESIZE 0
SET TRIMSPOOL ON
SET LINESIZE 10000
SET LONG 90000
SET FEEDBACK OFF
SET FEED OFF;
SET ECHO OFF
spool /tmp/a.sql
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PROCEDURE', U.OBJECT_NAME)||CHR(10)||'/'
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE';
spool OFF
打开文件后，简单处理一下即可。总体来说有两种方式来获取，第一，利用系统包DBMS_METADATA包中的GET_DDL函数来获取，第二，利用exp或expdp来获取。
下面来看第一种方式，如何利用系统包DBMS_METADATA包中的GET_DDL函数来获取对象的定义语句。下面是该函数的入参和出参：
SQL> DESC DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL
PARAMETER TYPE MODE DEFAULT?
----------- -------- ---- --------
(RESULT) CLOB
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2 IN
NAME VARCHAR2 IN
SCHEMA VARCHAR2 IN Y
VERSION VARCHAR2 IN Y
MODEL VARCHAR2 IN Y
TRANSFORM VARCHAR2 IN Y
其详细参数如下：
l NAME 对象名称
l VERSION 对象原数据的版本
l TRANSFORM 默认值为DDL
l 查看创建表SQL语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE',U.TABLE_NAME) FROM USER_TABLES U;
n 查看创建主键的SQL语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('CONSTRAINT','EMP_PK') FROM DUAL;
n 查看创建视图（VIEW）的SQL语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('VIEW', 'MY_TABLES','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('VIEW', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'VIEW';
SELECT TEXT FROM USER_VIEWS WHERE VIEW_NAME=UPPER('&VIEW_NAME');
n 查看创建触发器（TRIGGER）的SQL语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TRIGGER', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'TRIGGER';
n 查看创建包（PACKAGE）的SQL语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PACKAGE', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'PACKAGE';
n 查看创建同义词（SYNONYM）的SQL语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('SYNONYM', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'SYNONYM';
n 查看创建角色（ROLE）的SQL语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('ROLE', U.ROLE) FROM DBA_ROLES U;
n 得到某个SCHEDULER JOB的创建语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PROCOBJ', D.JOB_NAME, D.OWNER)
FROM DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS D
WHERE D.JOB_TYPE = 'STORED_PROCEDURE'
AND D.STATE = 'SCHEDULED'
AND D.SCHEDULE_NAME IS NULL;
n 得到一个用户下的所有表、索引、存储过程、函数的DDL语句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE U.OBJECT_TYPE IN ('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION');
如果想去掉表的存储参数（例如，INITIAL、NEXT、FREELISTS等参数），那么可以使用DBMS_METADATA包中的函数SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'STORAGE',FALSE)来完成，代码如下所示：
SYS@lhrdb> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"
( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14),
"LOC" VARCHAR2(13),
CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"
SYS@lhrdb> EXECUTE DBMS_METADATA.SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'STORAGE',FALSE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SYS@lhrdb> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"
( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14),
"LOC" VARCHAR2(13),
CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
TABLESPACE "USERS"
使用DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL需要注意以下问题：
（1）DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL()包内的参数都要大写，否则会报ORA-31600: invalid input value table for parameter OBJECT_TYPE in function GET_DDL的错误。
（2）是否查的当前用户的DDL语句，若不是则需要加上对象的属主信息即SCHEMA参数。
（3）若在SQL*Plus中显示不全，则需要set long 9999。
（4）对于DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL包，可以在PLSQL Developer工具中运行，也可以在SQL*Plus中运行。
如果要导出SCOTT用户下的所有定义，那么在SQL*Plus中代码如下所示：
SET PAGESIZE 0
SET TRIMSPOOL ON
SET LINESIZE 10000
SET LONG 90000
SET FEEDBACK OFF
SET FEED OFF;
SET ECHO OFF
SPOOL /tmp/schema_scott.sql
SELECT CASE
WHEN U.OBJECT_TYPE IN
('PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER') THEN
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER) ||
CHR(10) || '/'
ELSE
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER)||
CHR(10) || ';'
END AS SCOTT_DDL
FROM DBA_OBJECTS U
WHERE U.OBJECT_TYPE IN
('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER')
AND U.OWNER='SCOTT';
SPOOL OFF;
则可以导出SCOTT用户下所有的DDL语句到/tmp/schema_scott.sql文件中。
如果在PLSQL Developer工具中运行，那么可以单独运行如下的SQL语句：
SELECT CASE
WHEN U.OBJECT_TYPE IN
('PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER') THEN
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER) ||
CHR(10) || '/'
ELSE
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER)||
CHR(10) || ';'
END AS SCOTT_DDL
FROM DBA_OBJECTS U
WHERE U.OBJECT_TYPE IN
('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER')
AND U.OWNER='SCOTT';
然后选择整列，右键选择“Copy to Excel”，就可以将数据导出到Excel文件中，接着，将Excel中的数据复制到PLSQL Developer工具的“SQL Window”中皆可。需要注意的是，最后复制到“SQL Window”中的时候，需要选择右键的“Past from host Language”，否则粘贴的代码含有双引号，需要做特殊处理，比较麻烦。
可以使用如下的SQL脚本生成某个用户下的所有对象的DDL语句：
sqlplus<
set long 100000
set head off
set echo off
set pagesize 0
set verify off
set feedback off
spool schema.out
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(object_type, object_name, owner)
from
(
--Convert DBA_OBJECTS.OBJECT_TYPE to DBMS_METADATA object type:
select
owner,
--Java object names may need to be converted with DBMS_JAVA.LONGNAME.
--That code is not included since many database don't have Java installed.
object_name,
decode(object_type,
'DATABASE LINK', 'DB_LINK',
'JOB', 'PROCOBJ',
'RULE SET', 'PROCOBJ',
'RULE', 'PROCOBJ',
'EVALUATION CONTEXT', 'PROCOBJ',
'PACKAGE', 'PACKAGE_SPEC',
'PACKAGE BODY', 'PACKAGE_BODY',
'TYPE', 'TYPE_SPEC',
'TYPE BODY', 'TYPE_BODY',
'MATERIALIZED VIEW', 'MATERIALIZED_VIEW',
'QUEUE', 'AQ_QUEUE',
'JAVA CLASS', 'JAVA_CLASS',
'JAVA TYPE', 'JAVA_TYPE',
'JAVA SOURCE', 'JAVA_SOURCE',
'JAVA RESOURCE', 'JAVA_RESOURCE',
object_type
) object_type
from dba_objects
where owner in ('LHR')
--These objects are included with other object types.
and object_type not in ('INDEX PARTITION','INDEX SUBPARTITION',
'LOB','LOB PARTITION','LOB SUBPARTITION','TABLE PARTITION','TABLE SUBPARTITION','PROGRAM')
--Ignore system-generated types that support collection processing.
and not (object_type = 'TYPE' and object_name like 'SYS_PLSQL_%')
--Exclude nested tables, their DDL is part of their parent table.
and (owner, object_name) not in (select owner, table_name from dba_nested_tables)
--Exlclude overflow segments, their DDL is part of their parent table.
and (owner, object_name) not in (select owner, table_name from dba_tables where iot_type = 'IOT_OVERFLOW')
)
order by owner, object_type, object_name;
spool off
quit
EOF
cat schema.out|sed 's/OWNER1/MYOWNER/g'>schema.out.change.sql
下面介绍第二种导出元数据的方法，就是采用exp或expdp命令。数据泵工具（impdp）提供了SQLFILE的命令行选项，只获取DDL语句，并未真正地执行数据导入。另外，若单纯为了导出DDL语句则可以在使用expdp导出的时候使用CONTENT=METADATA_ONLY和EXCLUDE=STATISTICS选项，这样导出的DMP文件比较小。如下所示：
expdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=lhrsql20161215.dmp LOGFILE=lhrsql20161215.log CONTENT=METADATA_ONLY SCHEMAS=SCOTT EXCLUDE=STATISTICS
impdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=lhrsql20161215.dmp LOGFILE=imp_exptest.log SQLFILE=expddl_lhr.sql
查看expddl_lhr.sql文件即可获取DDL语句。整个示例如下所示：
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>expdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR schemas=SCOTT dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=exp_exptest.dmp
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Aug 3 15:14:55 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR schemas=SCOTT dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=exp_exptest.dmp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 256 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TEST" 5.007 KB 1 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump/exptest_sql.dmp
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Wed Aug 3 15:15:16 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:20
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>impdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=imp_exptest.log sqlfile=exptest.sql
Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Aug 3 15:16:06 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=imp_exptest.log sqlfile=exptest.sql
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at Wed Aug 3 15:16:09 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:02
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>cd /oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump/
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump>more exptest.sql
-- CONNECT SYS
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10150 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10904 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '25475 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10407 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10851 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '22830 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 192 ';
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
-- CONNECT SYSTEM
CREATE USER "SCOTT" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:268AB71B15071D81F19C6FC5041FA8F8E49397470FFE05458B8C90D9E7F8;F894844C34402B67'
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"
PASSWORD EXPIRE
ACCOUNT LOCK;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO "SCOTT";
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
GRANT "CONNECT" TO "SCOTT";
GRANT "RESOURCE" TO "SCOTT";
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
ALTER USER "SCOTT" DEFAULT ROLE ALL;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
-- CONNECT SCOTT
BEGIN
sys.dbms_logrep_imp.instantiate_schema(schema_name=>SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_SCHEMA'), export_db_name=>'LHRDB', inst_scn=>'4225469');
COMMIT;
END;
/
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
-- CONNECT SYS
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"
( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14 BYTE),
"LOC" VARCHAR2(13 BYTE)
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP"
( "EMPNO" NUMBER(4,0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9 BYTE),
"MGR" NUMBER(4,0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SAL" NUMBER(7,2),
"COMM" NUMBER(7,2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0)
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."BONUS"
( "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9 BYTE),
"SAL" NUMBER,
"COMM" NUMBER
) SEGMENT CREATION DEFERRED
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"
( "GRADE" NUMBER,
"LOSAL" NUMBER,
"HISAL" NUMBER
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."TEST"
( "DUMMY" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE)
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
-- CONNECT SCOTT
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" ON "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO")
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" PARALLEL 1 ;
ALTER INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" NOPARALLEL;
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ON "SCOTT"."EMP" ("EMPNO")
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" PARALLEL 1 ;
ALTER INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" NOPARALLEL;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
-- CONNECT SYS
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
USING INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" ENABLE;
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO")
USING INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ENABLE;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
DECLARE I_N VARCHAR2(60);
I_O VARCHAR2(60);
NV VARCHAR2(1);
c DBMS_METADATA.T_VAR_COLL;
df varchar2(21) := 'YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS';
stmt varchar2(300) := ' INSERT INTO "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS" (type,version,flags,c1,c2,c3,c5,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8,n9,n10,n11,n12,d1,cl1) VALUES (''I'',6,:1,:2,:3,:4,:5,
:6,:7,:8,:9,:10,:11,:12,:13,NULL,:14,:15,NULL,:16,:17)';
BEGIN
DELETE FROM "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS";
i_n := 'PK_DEPT';
i_o := 'SCOTT';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE stmt USING 2,I_N,NV,NV,I_O,4,1,4,1,1,1,0,4,NV,NV,TO_DATE('2016-07-07 22:00:11',df),NV;
DBMS_STATS.IMPORT_INDEX_STATS('"' || i_o || '"','"' || i_n || '"',NULL,'"IMPDP_STATS"',NULL,'"SYS"');
DELETE FROM "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS";
END;
/
《《《《。。。。。。。。篇幅原因，有省略,剩下的都是统计信息，生成sqlfile的时候也可以不用生成。。。。。。。。》》》》
imp工具使用SHOW=Y LOG=GET_DDL.sql的方式，可以看到清晰的DDL脚本，同时也不会真正的执行数据导入。另外，若单纯为了导出DDL语句则可以在使用exp导出的时候使用ROWS=N选项，这样导出的DMP文件比较小。如下所示：
exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' TABLES=SCOTT.EMP FILE=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp LOG=/tmp/exp_table.log BUFFER=41943040 ROWS=N COMPRESS=N
imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' FILE=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp SHOW=Y LOG=/tmp/get_ddl.sql BUFFER=20480000 FULL=Y
查看get_ddl.sql文件即可获取DDL语句。不过对于exp生成的DDL语句不能直接使用，需要使用SHELL脚本做相应的处理后才能使用。整个示例如下所示：
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' tables=scott.emp file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp log=/tmp/exp_table.log buffer=41943040 rows=n compress=n
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:11 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Tes
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
Current user changed to SCOTT
. . exporting table EMP
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp show=y log=/tmp/get_ddl.sql buffer=20480000 full=y
Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:44 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Tes
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""
"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"
"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"
"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"
"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "
"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" ) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"
"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"
"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"
"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"
"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"
"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"
"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"
"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>
由于格式比较混乱，直接运行会报错，建荣的书中给了一段代码来格式化：
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/get_ddl.sql
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Tes
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""
"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"
"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"
"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"
"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "
"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" ) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"
"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"
"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"
"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"
"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"
"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"
"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"
"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/gettabddl.sh
awk '
/ \"BEGIN / { N=1; }
/ \"CREATE / { N=1; }
/ \"CREATE INDEX/ { N=1; }
/ \"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX/ { N=1; }
/ \"ALTER / { N=1; }
/ \" ALTER / { N=1; }
/ \"ANALYZE / { N=1; }
/ \"GRANT / { N=1; }
/ \"COMMENT / { N=1; }
/ \"AUDIT / { N=1; }
N==1 { printf "\n/\n"; N++ }
/\"$/ {
if (N==0) next;
s=index( $0, "\"" );
ln0=length( $0 )
if ( s!=0 ) {
lcnt++
if ( lcnt >= 30 ) {
ln=substr( $0,s+1,length( substr($0,s+1))-1)
t=index( ln, ")," )
if ( t==0 ) { t=index( ln, ", " ) }
if ( t==0 ) { t=index( ln, ") " ) }
if ( t > 0 ) {
printf "%s\n%s",substr( ln,1,t+1), substr(ln, t+2)
lcnt=0
}
else {
printf "%s", ln
if ( ln0 < 78 ) { printf "\n" ; lcnt=0 }
}
}
else {
printf "%s",substr( $0,s+1,length( substr($0,s+1))-1 )
if ( ln0 < 78 ) { printf "\n" ; lcnt=0 }
}
}
}
END { printf "\n/\n"}
' $* |sed '1,2d; /^$/ d;
s/STORAGE *(INI/~ STORAGE (INI/g;
s/, "/,~ "/g;
s/ (\"/~ &/g;
s/PCT[FI]/~ &/g;
s/[( ]PARTITION /~&/g;
s/) TABLESPACE/)~ TABLESPACE/g;
s/ , / ,~/g;
s/ DATAFILE /&~/' | tr "~" "\n"
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>ksh /tmp/gettabddl.sh /tmp/get_ddl.sql > /tmp/gen_tabddl.sql
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/gen_tabddl.sql
ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT"
/
CREATE TABLE "EMP"
("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9),
"MGR" NUMBER(4, 0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SAL" NUMBER(7, 2),
"COMM" NUMBER(7, 2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0))
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS
/
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP"
("EMPNO" )
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING
/
ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT"
/
ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY
("EMPNO") USING INDEX
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING ENABLE
/
ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY
("DEPTNO") REFERENCES "DEPT"
("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE
/
ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO"
/
这样运行起来就方便多了。
另外，使用imp工具的indexfile选项也可以把dmp文件中的表和索引的创建语句导出而不导入任何对象，命令如下：
imp userid/userid@service_name file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp FULL=Y indexfile=/tmp/get_ti_ddl.sql rows=n
示例如下所示：
[oracle@rhel6lhr tmp]$ exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' TABLES=SCOTT.EMP FILE=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp LOG=/tmp/exp_table.log BUFFER=41943040 ROWS=N COMPRESS=N
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 3 21:36:47 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
Current user changed to SCOTT
. . exporting table EMP
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@rhel6lhr tmp]$ imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp FULL=Y indexfile=/tmp/get_ti_ddl.sql rows=n
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 3 21:38:10 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@rhel6lhr tmp]$ more /tmp/get_ti_ddl.sql
REM CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME"
REM VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCHAR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE,
REM "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUMBER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0))
REM PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536
REM NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL
REM DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS ;
CONNECT SCOTT;
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" ) PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1
FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS"
LOGGING ;
REM ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY
REM ("EMPNO") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
REM STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST
REM GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING ENABLE ;
REM ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY
REM ("DEPTNO") REFERENCES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE ;
REM ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" ;
[oracle@rhel6lhr tmp]$
可以看到其中的创建表的SQL语句被注释掉了，这个可以用vi命令或者文本工具来处理，处理之后就可以直接使用了。
当前题目：如何导出存储过程、函数、包和触发器的定义语句？如何导出表和索引的创建语句？
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